Russian Public Policies
Public policies encompass all authoritative public decisions that governments make. We shall refer to them as the outputs of the political system.
Extraction in Russia
The first type of public policy we will talk about in this webpage is called "extraction". All political systems in the world extract resources from their environment. Another example of "extraction" includes the involuntary drafting of young men as soldiers. However, the most common form of resource extraction is taxation.
Russian extraction plays a great role in the country's GDP.
It is possible to go at lengths to talk about material extraction in Russia. But at a glance these are Russia's national resources and potential markets that the Russian government extracts from.
1. Russian Resources
1. Aluminum
2. Diamonds and other Gemstones
3. Gold
4. Iron, Coal and Steel
5. Oil and Gases
6. Titanium and Magnesium
7. Uranium
2. Russian Agriculture
1. Crops
2. Livestock and Dairy
3. Agribusiness.
Russian extraction plays a great role in the country's GDP.
It is possible to go at lengths to talk about material extraction in Russia. But at a glance these are Russia's national resources and potential markets that the Russian government extracts from.
1. Russian Resources
1. Aluminum
2. Diamonds and other Gemstones
3. Gold
4. Iron, Coal and Steel
5. Oil and Gases
6. Titanium and Magnesium
7. Uranium
2. Russian Agriculture
1. Crops
2. Livestock and Dairy
3. Agribusiness.
Russian Regulation
Regulation is the exercise of political control over the behavior and individuals and groups in society. There are many ways in which governments can regulate the lives of their citizens. Although we usually associate regulation with legal coercion or its threat, there are other ways to regulate as well. Governments may control behavior by offering material or financial inducements or by persuasion or moral exhortation.
In Russia, the government has many regulatory bodies inside it. These include:
1. Government of Russia
a. Federal Migratory Service of Russia
i. These folks are responsible for immigration problems
b. Federal Customs Service of Russia
i. The customs in Russia.
2. Ministry of Internal Affairs
a. The Civil Police Service
b. The Internal Troops
i. Private police that deal with large riots and security for important government facilities (like nuclear plants)
3. The Ministry of Russia for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (“EMERCOM”)
a. Responsible for civil defense regulation, protection from fire and has it’s own troops
4. The Ministry of Justice of Russia
a. Federal Service of Punishment Execution (FSIN), responsible for the penal correction and prison system in Russia.
5. President of Russia
6. Investigative Committee of Russia
a. In charge of corruption charges and high criminal affairs, the most recently created Russian government branch (1/15/2011)
7. The Federal Security Service, AKA. The Russian version of the CIA and the MI6
a. The KGB is part of this.
Taxes and Taxation in Russia
Taxes, a part of "extraction" in Russian public policy is the extraction of money or goods for governmental purposes from which government members do not receive benefit and that the money and resources go to the well-being of the people.
Russia has a uniform tax rate on the income of individuals. As of 2012, tax in Russia is payable at the rate of 13% for an individual on most income. (Non residents pay 30%). Russian residents pay 9% on dividend income. The standard rate of Russia Corporate profit tax in 2012 is 20% and Companies pay 9% worth of taxes on dividend income.
Tax exemptions in Russia are granted to certain income earners
Russia has a uniform tax rate on the income of individuals. As of 2012, tax in Russia is payable at the rate of 13% for an individual on most income. (Non residents pay 30%). Russian residents pay 9% on dividend income. The standard rate of Russia Corporate profit tax in 2012 is 20% and Companies pay 9% worth of taxes on dividend income.
Tax exemptions in Russia are granted to certain income earners
Distribution in Russia
Contrary to popular belief, the Government doesn't just "take", it also gives away. The act of giving away from the government is called "distribution". Distributive policies include the allocation by government agencies of different kinds of money, goods, services, honors and groups in society. It can be measured and compared according to the quantity of whatever is distribution, the areas of human life touched by these benefits, the sections of the population receiving these benefits and the relationship between human needs and governmental distributions intended to meet these ends.
Russian distribution policies are similar to that of other developed nations, in which they have welfare programs touching all groups that deserve welfare. Corruption in Russia (Russia stands high in the world's corruption index) however has injured the credibility and the ability to distribute to the people in the Government.
Russian distribution policies are similar to that of other developed nations, in which they have welfare programs touching all groups that deserve welfare. Corruption in Russia (Russia stands high in the world's corruption index) however has injured the credibility and the ability to distribute to the people in the Government.
Welfare State in Russia
The welfare state generally refers to a set of government and sometimes private policies in the areas of old age, disability, sickness and accident insurance. The first modern welfare state programs were established in the 1880's by Germany in response to Germany's rapid industrialization and urbanization.
Like many other countries, welfare and social security programs in Russia provide modest support to the most vulnerable segments of Russia's population: elderly pensioners, veterans, infants, children, expectant mothers, families with more than 1 child and people with disabilities.
There are 4 funds that provide cash and social welfare benefits at federal levels, they are the Social Insurance fund, the Pension Fund, the Employment Fund and the Fund for social support. The Pension Fund currently consumes the most money from the social safety program and accounts for 83% of Russia's extrabudgetary allocations. At the end of 1994, about 24 percent of the population was collecting pensions.
These programs and social security procedures however, are inadequate, a growing proportion of the population rests near the poverty line. Russian inflation has had a particularly detrimental effects to households that rely on social subsidies.
Like many other countries, welfare and social security programs in Russia provide modest support to the most vulnerable segments of Russia's population: elderly pensioners, veterans, infants, children, expectant mothers, families with more than 1 child and people with disabilities.
There are 4 funds that provide cash and social welfare benefits at federal levels, they are the Social Insurance fund, the Pension Fund, the Employment Fund and the Fund for social support. The Pension Fund currently consumes the most money from the social safety program and accounts for 83% of Russia's extrabudgetary allocations. At the end of 1994, about 24 percent of the population was collecting pensions.
These programs and social security procedures however, are inadequate, a growing proportion of the population rests near the poverty line. Russian inflation has had a particularly detrimental effects to households that rely on social subsidies.
Iconic Russian Policies
Mikhail Gorbachev.
There are 2 iconic Russian policies that stand out in Russian policy, they are Glasnost and Perestroika.
Perestroika was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980's its commonly associated with Mikhail Gorbachev and his Glasnost (Openness) policy reform. The literal meaning of Perestroika is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet Political and the Economic system. Perestroika is often argued to be the cause of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.
Glasnost (Openness) was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in Government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union. Introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980's, Glasnost is often paired with Perestroika, another reform that was instituted by Gorbachev at the same time. At the same time, Glasnost also refers to the specific period of time in the USSR during the 1980's where there was less censorship and greater freedom of information.
Perestroika was a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980's its commonly associated with Mikhail Gorbachev and his Glasnost (Openness) policy reform. The literal meaning of Perestroika is "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet Political and the Economic system. Perestroika is often argued to be the cause of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War.
Glasnost (Openness) was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in Government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union. Introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980's, Glasnost is often paired with Perestroika, another reform that was instituted by Gorbachev at the same time. At the same time, Glasnost also refers to the specific period of time in the USSR during the 1980's where there was less censorship and greater freedom of information.